Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser, (Lenga) is one of the most widespread tree species of the temperate forests of South America. With a latitudinal distribution range spanning 34° and often forming the upper altitudinal treeline, it is the common denominator of the many forest types that cover the flanks of the Southern Andes. It thrives in some of the harshest conditions present in the Andean Forests, where it has irreplaceable ecological roles. It produces fine wood which is used for furniture, flooring and outdoor structures. With its wind-twisted flag trunks and its leaves turning red in autumn it creates truly emblematic views of Patagonia.